Introduction:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an important topic in technology industry, policy, and engineering circles and has become headline news in both the specialty
press and the popular media. This technology is embodied in a wide spectrum of networked products, systems, and sensors, which take advantage of
advancements in computing power, electronics miniaturization, and network interconnections to offer new capabilities not previously possible. An abundance of conferences, reports, and news articles discuss and debate the prospective impact of the “IoT revolution”—from new market opportunities and business models to concerns about security, privacy, and
technical interoperability.
The large-scale implementation of IoT devices promises to transform many aspects of the way we live. For consumers, new IoT products like Internet-enabled appliances, home automation components, and energy management devices are moving us toward a vision of the “smart
home’’, offering more security and energy-
efficiency. Other personal IoT devices like
wearable fitness and health monitoring devices and network-enabled medical devices are transforming the way healthcare services are delivered. This technology promises to be beneficial for people with disabilities and the elderly, enabling improved levels of independence
and quality of life at a reasonable cost.1
IoT systems like networked vehicles, intelligent traffic systems, and sensors embedded in roads and bridges move us closer to the idea of “smart cities’’, which help minimize congestion and energy consumption. IoT technology offers the
possibility to transform agriculture, industry, and energy production and distribution by increasing the availability of information along the valuechain of production using networked sensors.
However, IoT raises many issues and challenges that need to be considered and addressed in order for potential benefits to be realized. A number of companies and research organizations have offered a wide range of projections about the potential impact of IoT on the Internet and the economy during the next five to ten years. Cisco, for example, projects more than 24 billion Internet–connected objects
by 2019;2 MorganStanley, however, projects 75 billion networked devices by 2020.3Looking Out further and raising the stakes higher, Huawei forecasts 100 billion IoT connections by 2025.4McKinsey Global Institute suggests that the financial impact of IoT on the global economy may be as much as $3.9 to $11.1 trillion by 2025.5
While the variability in predictions makes any specific number collectively they paint a picture of significant growth and influence.
ORIGINS, DRIVERS AND
APPLICATIONS:
The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) was first used in 1999 by British technology pioneer Kevin Ashton to describe a system in which objects in the physical world could be connected to the Internet by sensors.12
Ashton coined the term to illustrate the power of connecting Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags13 used in corporate supply chains to the Internet
in order to count and track goods without the need for human intervention. Today, the Internet of Things has become a term for describing scenarios in which Internet connectivity and computing capability extend to a variety of objects, devices,
sensors, and everyday items.
IoT may force a shift in thinking if the most
common interaction with the Internet—and the data derived and exchanged from that
interaction—comes from passive engagement with connected objects in the broader environment. The potential realization of this outcome—a“hyperconnected world”—is a
testament to the general-purpose nature of
the Internet architecture, which does not place inherent limitations on the applications or services that can make use of the technology
DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS,
SIMILAR CONCEPTS
Despite the global buzz around the Internet of Things, there is no single, universally accepted definition for the term. Different definitions are used by various groups to describe or promote a particular view of
what IoT means and its most important attributes. Some definitions specify the concept of the Internet or the Internet Protocol (IP), while others, perhaps surprisingly, do not. For example, consider the following definitions:
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) begins RFC 7452,33 “Architectural Considerations in Smart Object Networking’’, with this description:
The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) denotes
a trend where a large number of embedded devices employ communication services
offered by the Internet protocols. Many of
these devices, often called “smart objects,’’
are not directly operated by humans, but exist as components in buildings or vehicles, or are spread out in the environment.
It would be impossible to cover the broad scope of issues surrounding the Internet of Things in a single paper. In this section however, i provide an overview of five topics frequently discussed in relation to IoT:
These will be covered in another blog.If you require comment...
INTERNET OF THINGS
COMMUNICATIONS MODELS:
From an operational perspective, it is useful to think about how IoT devices connect and communicate in terms of their technical communication models. In March 2015, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) released a guiding architectural document
for networking of smart objects (RFC 7452),39 which outlines a framework of four common communication models
used by IoT devices. The discussion below presents this framework and explains key characteristics of each model in
the framework.
Device-To-Device Communications
The device-to-device communication model
represents two or more devices that directly Connect and communicate between one another, rather than through an intermediary application server. These devices communicate over many
types of networks, including IP networks or the Internet. Often, however these devices
use protocols like Bluetooth,40 Z-Wave,41 or ZigBee42 to establish direct device-to-device communications, as shown in Figure.
Device-To-Cloud Communications
In a device-to-cloud communication model, the IoT device connects directly to an Internet cloud service like an application service provider to exchange data and control message traffic. This approach frequently takes advantage of existing
communications mechanisms like traditional wired Ethernet or Wi-Fi connections to establish a connection between the device and the IP network, which ultimately connects to the cloud
service. This is shown in Figure .
Device-to-Gateway Model
In the device-to-gateway model, or more
typically, the device-to-application-layer gateway (ALG) model, the IoT device connects through an ALG service as a conduit to reach a cloud service. In simpler terms, this means that there is application software operating on a local gateway
device, which acts as an intermediary between the device and the cloud service and provides security and other functionality such as data or protocol translation. The model is shown in
Figure.
Back-End Data-Sharing Model
The back-end data-sharing model refers to
a communication architecture that enables
users to export and analyze smart object data from a cloud service in combination with data from other sources. This architecture supports “the [user’s] desire for granting access to the uploaded sensor data to third parties”.50 This approach is an extension of the single device-to-cloud communication model, which can lead to data silos where “IoT devices upload data
only to a single application service provider’’.51A back-end sharing architecture allows the data collected from single IoT device data streams to be aggregated and analyzed.
These are the important topics in IoT and is the current trending topic.
References:
The Internet of Things: An Overview
Karen Rose
Senior Director, Strategy and
Analysis, Internet Society
Scott Eldridge
Principal, Cam & Sprocket LLC
and Internet Society Individual
Member
Lyman Chapin
Principal, Interisle Consulting
Group and Internet Society
Individual Member
Google,some journals,etc.
*If any information is required please comment and i will reply at the earliest.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an important topic in technology industry, policy, and engineering circles and has become headline news in both the specialty
press and the popular media. This technology is embodied in a wide spectrum of networked products, systems, and sensors, which take advantage of
advancements in computing power, electronics miniaturization, and network interconnections to offer new capabilities not previously possible. An abundance of conferences, reports, and news articles discuss and debate the prospective impact of the “IoT revolution”—from new market opportunities and business models to concerns about security, privacy, and
technical interoperability.
The large-scale implementation of IoT devices promises to transform many aspects of the way we live. For consumers, new IoT products like Internet-enabled appliances, home automation components, and energy management devices are moving us toward a vision of the “smart
home’’, offering more security and energy-
efficiency. Other personal IoT devices like
wearable fitness and health monitoring devices and network-enabled medical devices are transforming the way healthcare services are delivered. This technology promises to be beneficial for people with disabilities and the elderly, enabling improved levels of independence
and quality of life at a reasonable cost.1
IoT systems like networked vehicles, intelligent traffic systems, and sensors embedded in roads and bridges move us closer to the idea of “smart cities’’, which help minimize congestion and energy consumption. IoT technology offers the
possibility to transform agriculture, industry, and energy production and distribution by increasing the availability of information along the valuechain of production using networked sensors.
However, IoT raises many issues and challenges that need to be considered and addressed in order for potential benefits to be realized. A number of companies and research organizations have offered a wide range of projections about the potential impact of IoT on the Internet and the economy during the next five to ten years. Cisco, for example, projects more than 24 billion Internet–connected objects
by 2019;2 MorganStanley, however, projects 75 billion networked devices by 2020.3Looking Out further and raising the stakes higher, Huawei forecasts 100 billion IoT connections by 2025.4McKinsey Global Institute suggests that the financial impact of IoT on the global economy may be as much as $3.9 to $11.1 trillion by 2025.5
While the variability in predictions makes any specific number collectively they paint a picture of significant growth and influence.
ORIGINS, DRIVERS AND
APPLICATIONS:
The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) was first used in 1999 by British technology pioneer Kevin Ashton to describe a system in which objects in the physical world could be connected to the Internet by sensors.12
Ashton coined the term to illustrate the power of connecting Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags13 used in corporate supply chains to the Internet
in order to count and track goods without the need for human intervention. Today, the Internet of Things has become a term for describing scenarios in which Internet connectivity and computing capability extend to a variety of objects, devices,
sensors, and everyday items.
IoT may force a shift in thinking if the most
common interaction with the Internet—and the data derived and exchanged from that
interaction—comes from passive engagement with connected objects in the broader environment. The potential realization of this outcome—a“hyperconnected world”—is a
testament to the general-purpose nature of
the Internet architecture, which does not place inherent limitations on the applications or services that can make use of the technology
DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS,
SIMILAR CONCEPTS
Despite the global buzz around the Internet of Things, there is no single, universally accepted definition for the term. Different definitions are used by various groups to describe or promote a particular view of
what IoT means and its most important attributes. Some definitions specify the concept of the Internet or the Internet Protocol (IP), while others, perhaps surprisingly, do not. For example, consider the following definitions:
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) begins RFC 7452,33 “Architectural Considerations in Smart Object Networking’’, with this description:
The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) denotes
a trend where a large number of embedded devices employ communication services
offered by the Internet protocols. Many of
these devices, often called “smart objects,’’
are not directly operated by humans, but exist as components in buildings or vehicles, or are spread out in the environment.
It would be impossible to cover the broad scope of issues surrounding the Internet of Things in a single paper. In this section however, i provide an overview of five topics frequently discussed in relation to IoT:
- SECURITY
- PRIVACY
- INTEROPERABILITY AND STANDARDS
These will be covered in another blog.If you require comment...
INTERNET OF THINGS
COMMUNICATIONS MODELS:
From an operational perspective, it is useful to think about how IoT devices connect and communicate in terms of their technical communication models. In March 2015, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) released a guiding architectural document
for networking of smart objects (RFC 7452),39 which outlines a framework of four common communication models
used by IoT devices. The discussion below presents this framework and explains key characteristics of each model in
the framework.
Device-To-Device Communications
The device-to-device communication model
represents two or more devices that directly Connect and communicate between one another, rather than through an intermediary application server. These devices communicate over many
types of networks, including IP networks or the Internet. Often, however these devices
use protocols like Bluetooth,40 Z-Wave,41 or ZigBee42 to establish direct device-to-device communications, as shown in Figure.
Device-To-Cloud Communications
In a device-to-cloud communication model, the IoT device connects directly to an Internet cloud service like an application service provider to exchange data and control message traffic. This approach frequently takes advantage of existing
communications mechanisms like traditional wired Ethernet or Wi-Fi connections to establish a connection between the device and the IP network, which ultimately connects to the cloud
service. This is shown in Figure .
Device-to-Gateway Model
In the device-to-gateway model, or more
typically, the device-to-application-layer gateway (ALG) model, the IoT device connects through an ALG service as a conduit to reach a cloud service. In simpler terms, this means that there is application software operating on a local gateway
device, which acts as an intermediary between the device and the cloud service and provides security and other functionality such as data or protocol translation. The model is shown in
Figure.
Back-End Data-Sharing Model
The back-end data-sharing model refers to
a communication architecture that enables
users to export and analyze smart object data from a cloud service in combination with data from other sources. This architecture supports “the [user’s] desire for granting access to the uploaded sensor data to third parties”.50 This approach is an extension of the single device-to-cloud communication model, which can lead to data silos where “IoT devices upload data
only to a single application service provider’’.51A back-end sharing architecture allows the data collected from single IoT device data streams to be aggregated and analyzed.
These are the important topics in IoT and is the current trending topic.
References:
The Internet of Things: An Overview
Karen Rose
Senior Director, Strategy and
Analysis, Internet Society
Scott Eldridge
Principal, Cam & Sprocket LLC
and Internet Society Individual
Member
Lyman Chapin
Principal, Interisle Consulting
Group and Internet Society
Individual Member
Google,some journals,etc.
*If any information is required please comment and i will reply at the earliest.
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